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by Goalposts » Fri Nov 03, 2017 12:21 pm
But who are the rich? We can all agree that everyone on the Sunday Times Rich List is rich. All 1,000 have assets worth in excess of £100m; 134 are billionaires. If they are the rich then I suspect you are not rich. They make up 0.00002 per cent of the UK population. The same sorts of comparisons hold in most developed countries.
Given demographic and other pressures, the need for tax revenue is not going to go away, irrespective of whether we follow Labour’s expansionist path. And who could object to getting a bit more money off billionaires? Sadly, though, there aren’t enough of them to generate serious revenue. More importantly, tax authorities tend to find it rather hard to get their hands on the wealth of the super-rich.
What about the top 1 per cent then? They must be rich — richer than the other 99 per cent for sure. To be in the top 1 per cent of households for wealth in the UK you need about £3m, including the value of your house and any private pension. Plenty of middle-aged homeowners in London and the South East with a good pension qualify as top 1 per cent.To be in the top 5 per cent — wealthier than 95 per cent of your compatriots — you need total assets worth about £1.5m. If half is tied up in a house there would be enough, at age 65, to secure an index-linked pension of perhaps £25,000 a year.
What about income then? Sometimes by the rich we mean those with high levels of assets, sometimes we mean those with high incomes.
The top 1 per cent of income taxpayers — and don’t forget 40 per cent of the population don’t have incomes high enough to pay income tax — have pre-tax incomes in excess of £160,000 a year. That sounds good. But it’s still £340,000 below the top 0.1 per cent. And there’s one clue as to why many of those who — on any objective measure of their position in the income distribution — are rich but don’t feel rich. The higher you get up the distribution, the further you are behind those just above you in the distribution.
Think about the person at the 95th centile among income taxpayers — that is someone with income higher than 95 per cent of all taxpayers. They will have a gross income just above £70,000 a year. That is £50,000 more than the median income taxpayer. However, it is also £90,000 less than someone at the 99th percentile. So someone earning £70,000 might be forgiven for feeling more similar to the median taxpayer, who is 13.7m people (45 percentiles) below them in the distribution, than to the taxpayer just 1.2m people (4 percentiles) above them.
For many, richness will depend on the combination of assets and income. If I happen to own a house outright, income of £70,000 makes me much richer than if I am paying rent. It also makes a difference whether that £70,000 is supporting just one person, or also a spouse and a couple of children.
Official figures do correct for family composition, so a single childless person needs a net income of £33,000 to put them in the top 10 per cent or £86,000 to make the top 1 per cent. A couple with two children, on the other hand, needs nearly £70,000 or £180,000 respectively to qualify for the same categories.
On one or other of these definitions quite a lot of us will be rich at some point in our lives. We will have more wealth as we get older. Our incomes, we hope, will rise over time. Children will come and go. Only a few individuals are rich throughout their lives. But the tax system is too blunt an instrument to recognise that. A 25-year-old earning £80,000 a year, or a 65-year-old with pension income at that level, are hugely richer than a 45-year-old whose salary peaked at £80,000, and who has rent to pay and children to provide for.
However we define the rich, we know one thing: they pay an awful lot of tax. The richest 1 per cent of income taxpayers pay over a quarter of all income tax; the top 10 per cent pay 60 per cent of the total. Whatever we think of the rich, we are, perhaps to an uncomfortable extent, dependent upon them. We would like to get a bit more money from them to fund the public services we want, but we should not pretend they are the only ones who will need to pay more if we are to increase spending on health, education and infrastructure.
I’m all in favour of taxing the rich. Just so long as they are richer than I am, and just so long as we keep those revenues coming in
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